!. %&&%'()*+, /01%'%&'23%'4%'567#8%&8$7&'43'97:87;"8'%&',:$%&:%1'<:7&7=$>3%1, p.352

. Deuxièmement, Sur la base des valeurs données dans l'exemple, si l'on considère la modification d'une seule variable, les autres variables conservant les mêmes valeurs, le PNB devient négatif lorsque :-l'encours moyen par compte dépasse 600, PNB est très sensible aux variations des différentes variables

, Pour apprécier les possibilités d'équilibre économique, nous calculons les PNB moyens par client (PNB_EPi) pour différentes combinaisons de variables :-VmEPi ?

&. Comme-comvi and . Comri,

&. ?'r'-?'q'-?'v'-?'z'-_b?'-zr'-@`a'-q`v?b'-;-'-?'?'-?'r'-?'q'-]@?'-aa'-@`@b'-@`z_b'-g?b'-?'?qh, :%S8[1' b"5%3;1'4%')' S711$#5%1' _@?' A@Z' @`A?B' B`Z_B' g?B' ?'??h`'g?B' ?'?Qh`' g?Z' ?'??h`'g?Z' ?'?Qh`'g?Z' ?'?Vh`' gR@' ?'??h`'gR@' ?'?Qh`'gR@' ?'?Vh' gR?' ?'?Qh`'gR?' ?'?Vh' A' ?'?, g?B' ?'??h`'g?B' ?'?Qh`' g?Z' ?'??h`'g?Z' ?'?Qh`'g?Z' ?'?Vh`' gR@' ?'?Qh`'gR@' ?'?Vh' gR?' ?'?Vh' A' ?'?' ?'R' ?'Q' ?'V' Z@?' BB' @`?' R`R_B' g?B' ?'??h`'g?B' ?'?Qh' g?Z' ?'?Qh`'g?Z' ?'?Vh`' gR@' ?'?Vh' A

Z. Dc,

!. %&&%'()*+, /01%'%&'23%'4%'567#8%&8$7&'43'97:87;"8'%&',:$%&:%1'<:7&7=$>3%1

!. %&&%'()*+, /01%'%&'23%'4%'567#8%&8$7&'43'97:87;"8'%&',:$%&:%1'<:7&7=$>3%1, p.375

!. %&,

$. Ip'%8'+;5, &'FP'g?@@?h`'+@'6744@35K'54:=5'?

, F5#73U' bP`' O74%Y;7U' (P' %8' J755$2$%;' ,P' g?@A@h`'W'M&%' =%13

. F54%\/$'-)p'-%8'-+5='-dp'-g?@aah`'-w')=s, , vol.7

$. ,

$. 2%,

. A@]g?h,

&. F55%&'!p`'9%=$;\pdaq3&8'fp`'q5 and . Ss%;'jp, &4'I";8w&%e'(%;w"'I,P'g?@A?h

, @A5=' `PaQ`'n7;54'K&ò'n"1/$&\87&`'9D' F=%;$:o1' xP`' D"S5$&' FP`' %8' J%"/U' xP' g?@@Rh, ="5' F::73&81Pv`'.793<\' L525@=<D' [7=W34X', vol.58

, /D5' _1@=:5=9\'c71=4@9'7;'&<74763<2`'AAZgRh`'A@@_aA@QZ' F&4%;17&' ,P' g?, 7S%&1$8U' 87' S5

/. , 8$7&1cv`' M&$2%;1$8U' 7Y' I$&&%178"P' 9$1S7&$#5%' 1731' C' /88SC||uuuP%T8%&1$7&P3=&P%43|Y"=$5U|S%

$. &\'-\;73s1, c71=4@9' 7;' *5?597A654:'&<74763<2`'g]@h`'AQa?R' F;=%&4s

$. ,

&. 311%51`',752 and :. /775'-f;=%&4s;$e'kp'%8'j"#$%, IP'g?@AAh'9$;P`'t/D5'Y@48077W'7;'(3<=7;34@4<5Z`'n7, vol.54

V. 'g?h'-f;;7u'qp'ga]zrh, @A5=2'7;'dU'-==7M`'275P?`'+TY7;4`'K"1$5'K5":ou%55' F;;7u qP'gA]BAh`'#7<3@9',D73<5'@48'$483?381@9'i@9152`'x7/&'n$5%U'?',7&1, N545=@9'&>13930=316K',7995<:58'

$. =%1'x`'-l@aa7=, 81',742539'8E-4@9\25'F<74763>15

$. 1%'-%8'-43'-=$, , vol.7

\. ,

%. , &:?D

$. 1%ps4y,

$. F8o and . &17&'-fp'-%8'-i%11u'-!p'-g?@a?h`'-w'i%,

$. &\'-!$&, &:$"5' J$8%, UC' G%13581' 7Y' 8/%' +HD9' |' ), p.8

&. and *. , $7&"5' *%8u7;o'7&'!$&"&:$"5'H43:"8$7&'g)*!Hh'($578

$. F8o and . &17&'-fp'-%8'-i%11u'-!p'-g?@arh,

. 73\/'-!$&,

*. 4%&,

. 34%&8$%5'-g?@a?h`'-w'h&>3l8%-;-*+,

K. Ip`'k$\78'gp`'d;7388%'(p`'9"34%u'hp'%8'e7$#$"&',p'g and ?. @a?h,

$. ,

, /78'nP'gAZ_Rh`'+760@=8'#:=55:T'-'*

. 7y%11$7&&%5'-%&'-!, &:%' C'>3%51' %YY%81' 13

K. &%,

^. Hp'-g?@aah,

K. &%,

^. Gp`'-%8'-q$&&"&'-dp'-g?@arh`'-w'-./%'-=$,

$. 7&'-#"&,

%. B@aa,

K. ,

K. , &:%'g?@AAh`'!1995:34'85'9@'!@4>15'85'O=@4<5`'gAZQh`'?

K. , &:%'g?@A?h`'W'H&>3l8%'8US757\$>3%'?@AA'X`'#:@:32:3>152'81'#1=5485::5654:K'K"&>3%'4%' !

K. "&>3%'-4%'-!;"&:%'-g?@ar"h`'-w'-k$,

K. , &:%'g?@AR#h

$. =%18;%'?@ar',

K. , &:%'g?@AR:h`'W'J%'

$. 1%1'x`'#,

K. , &:%'g?

K. , &:%'g?@AQ"h

$. =%18;%'?@aq',

K. , &:%' g?@AQ#h`' W'H&>3l8%' 8US757\$>3%' ?@A?'X`' #:@

%. ,

. #78'op'g?@a@h`'w'jz38,

$. &"\"'-hp'-g?@arh`'-w'i$,

. K%"="&'-jp`'-q,

. 73s1'$&'i"5$y`'%!&l, @A5='g?@V@@h' K%:o'.P`'9%=$;\pdaq3&8'FP'%8'I";8$&%e'(%;$"'I,P'g?@@Zh`'tK

, 73&4'8/%'n7;54v`'[7=98'!@4W'&<74763<'L5?35M`'??'gRh

. %&81%&'-fp'-%8'-g7,

!. %&&%'()*+, /01%'%&'23%'4%'567#8%&8$7&'43'97:87;"8'%&',:$%&:%1'<:7&7=$>3%1

, 4'FP'%8'K%\3$&'xIP'g?@@Zh

K. and P. ,

U. Op'ga,

, 117:$"8$7&1`'/D5'-65=3<@4'&<74763<'L5?35M

K. $\&7&'-bp'-%8'-d7=s"$&'-dp'-g?@@ah,

%. 'x`'i7&&"$%'%8'y7,

K. ,

K. $1$"3t'gp'g?@aah,

%. Hs,

\. %&1, , vol.17

$. &y7,

K. ,

, $#"1'g?@ARh`'L@AA7=:'@44159'PQRP' K73

. \3$\&7&'!p'g?@aah,

?. \3$\&7&'-!p'-g and . @a?h,

P. %8$%&`''-;=3>15'-<74:56a7=@345`'qg?qqh`'araaaq@'-k;"&"' and . '-%8'-x,

, %117&'IP'g?@A@h`'#7<3797X35'85'9@'A=F<@=3:F`'FP'D75$&`'A?Z'97="$&%1'%8'"SS;7:/%1

. , $11%'4zHS";\&%')5%'4%'!, &:%'g?@ARh`'L@AA7=:'@44159'PQRP

, 11%'4%1'9

D. "57=$;$1'dpnp and &. %8'g"^",

, D

. #7',p`'o,

. Bbh`y'-j%'-s;l8'-f'-$&8,

, &%&8' )&:7=%' EUS78/%1$1y`' /D5' _1@=:5=9\'c71=4@9'7;'&<74763<2`'AA?gAh

, D"18%5'GP'g?@@_h`'L5A5425='9@'27938@=3:F`'(M!

D. /"$t'-jp'-g?@arh`'-w'j%'-s"$%=%&8'-=7#$5%'-c'-s%,

%. , , pp.7-10

%. ,

%. and P. ,

$. %3t'!p'g?@@rh`'w'hts57;%;'%8'8%18%,

!. %&&%'()*+, /01%'%&'23%'4%'567#8%&8$7&'43'97:87;"8'%&',:$%&:%1'<:7&7=$>3%1, p.378

, 7&'bP'g?@AQh`'W'J%1'#"&>3%1'"::31%&8'5%':73S'43'S5

D. , &$'(P'g?@@Vh`'+@'A=F<@=3:F`'W'L3%'1"$1a^%'c'X

, D5[=%&8'IP'g?@AQh`'W'I$%3T':7=S;%&4

%. ,

$. 1>3%'4%'s,

D. Ip'%8'o74%y;7u'(p'g?@a@h`'w'j,

%. @@_'x`'o=@4<5k, A7=:=@3:'27<3@9`')*,HH'a

$. D75%="&'-khp'-g?@@vh`'-ti,

%. '4%1, , vol.8

$. Y1'#"&,

, 4%' K}5%' g?@ARh`' W'K}5%' )))' C' G"8$7' 4%' 5$>3$4$8

, =%' %8' 738$51' 4%' 13$2$' 43'

$. 1>3%'-4%,

$. ,

, 4%'K}5%'g?@AQh`'W'K}5%')))'C'G

=. 7<1654, <74219:@:3;`' K"&>3%'4%1'G0\5%=%&81')&8%

$. 1%1, 46)&1%;8$7&' gD*H)h`' g?@A?h`' W'D/$YY

%. ,

, D7==$11$7&' %3;7S[%&&%' g?@@Rh`' W'9

$. 1%1'-x`'-g%,

, D7==$11$7&'%3;7S[%&&%'g?@@Vh`'D7==3&$:"8$7&'W'I%88

%. ,

, D7==$11$7&'H3;7S[%&&%'g?@@Vh`'G0\5%=%&8'gDHh'&?'A@ZA|?@@V'43

, D7==$11$7&'%3;7S

. 7s%'-x`'-d7==3&$,

, D7==$11$7&' %3;7S[%&&%' g?@A@h`' W'9

, $&:531$7&'17:$"5%X`'x73

, &"5'+YY$:$%5'4%'563&$7&'%3

, 7S[%&&%'43'_P@QP?@A@'

. =%'%3, , vol.7

$. ,

\. @a@|@_bz'y$&,

, 3<359'85'9E"4374'&1=7AF5445`'?@AA|QQ?|MH'

, D7==$11$7&'%3;7S[%&&%'g?@AA#h`'D7==3&$:"8$7&'W'M&

, @PA?P?@AA' !"#$%&&%'()*+

, D7==$11$7&' H3;7S[%&&%' g?@A?h`' /=@3:F' 21=' 95' O74<, vol.37445654

, &"5'+YY$:$%5'4%'5zM&$7&'H3

, 7S[%&&%'43'?VPA@P?@A?

, D7==$11$7&' H3;7S[%&&%' g?@ARh`' O3$, vol.4

, D7&1%$5' 4%' 56H3;7S%' g?@A@h`' W'*732%55%' 18

=. %&'-k32,

%. %yy%,

%. &\'=$,

$. Y8'-c'v, 7=98'*5?597A654:`'RB'gA@h`'A_?A-A_RZ' D73;' 4%1' :7=S8%1' g?@A@h

$. 1%'x`'-l@aa7=, 8EF?@91@:374' D7e";%&:7'FP'%8

$. %1'c'm&%ts%, 8%4'D7&1%>3%&:%1' 7Y'J7"&'D%$5$&\1'X`',&!'[

, &:%'g?@ARh`'L@AA7=:'@44159'PQRP' D;[4$8'I3&$:$S"5'4%'F2$\&7&'g?@AQh`'L@AA7=:'@44159'PQRV' D

$. %&8,

&. 7y'-i7, 7C'H2$4%&:%'Y;7=, vol.7

$. 4\%`'i, 11PC'I)

. D3>'hp'ga, D3::3:52`'O%38/&%;`'(";$1' 9":/%3T'HP'%8'O73^7&'9P'g?@A@h

$. >3%'-4%'-56,

&. ,

$. , S$8"5$1=%'X`',766143<@:374'@1G'hhhC652'f71=4F52'85'9E-&#',D@=95=73`'K%5\$>3%' 1%S8%=#;%'?@A@' 9"5%U'*P'g?@@Ah

$. %55%'<,

%. '4%1'i$&%1'4%'-;-*+, /01%'%&'23%'4%'567#8%&8$7&'43'97:87;"8'%&',:$%&:%1'<:7&7=$>3%1, p.380

%. '!p`'b$&:%&8'dhp`'k%;\%;'xp, 5%&1'!P'g?@A?

&. $%5'xip'g?@a@h,

. #31'!p'g?@@zh`'w'jz,

$. 1%'x'f387a%=s57 and $. ,

$. , 52'85'9@'=5<D5=<D5'54'2<354<52'27<3@952`'A_B`'AZaRR' 9%'I3&:o'xP'g?@@Zh`'+@'9305=:F'@1'A=3265'852'<@A@<3:F2K'-6@=:\@'#54'@1I859e'81'930F=@93265

. Ah'y, 2$&\'"&4'J$>3$4$8U'D7&18;"$&81y`'&<74765:=3<@`'B]gBh, AaA?QZ' 9%o5%' GP' %8

?. 9%57$88%'-g and . @a?h, , vol.5

$. 88%'g?@arh, , vol.5

. 9%=$;\pdaq3&8'fp`'k%:o'.p'%8'e7&7,

. 9%=$;\pdaq3&8'-fp', &4' JP' q5"SS%;' g?@A?h`' tI%"13

$. &\'-!$&, &:$"5' )&:531$7&C' ./%' O57#"5' !$&4%T' 9

, %3="3T' bP' g?@ARh`' W' <>3$5$#

%. ,

$. ,

$. %=%;'fp'g and ?. @a?h,

$. Ip'g?@@@h`'w',

, $%81:/'IP'%8'(%8%U'xP'g?@@Zh`'(521=5, vol.5

, 97=$&\7'(P'%8'(3::$'IP'1731'5

?. \3$\&7&'!p'g and . @a?h, L#-K'L@AA7=:';34@9'PQRRP' 97&e%578'xP'g?@@Vh`'W'G%Y7&4%

. %2752$&\,

, %' a' +3' 5z$&2%&8$7&' 4%' 5z%&4%88

, #7<3F:F2'<74:56A7=@3452`'g_Vh`'QAaVB' 93:73;"&8' EP' g?@A@h

%. ,

%. '-f'-5z,

%. , 7&17=="8%3;1'X`'&4:=5A=3252'5:'D32:73=5`'gB]h`'QAaBV' 93Y73;:>' *P' g?@ARh`' W' D7&8

$. #3%,

%. '-c'-g%&y7,

, 81`')&&72%;

P. 'x`'l@aa7=, 8EF:@A5K'f'56"88%&8$7&'43'I$&$18

%. ,

, 93\3$8'JP'gA]AAh`'yD

. 93\3$8'-jp'-ga]?zh, $8[' 4%' 9;7$8' D7&18$838$7&&%5`' 87=%' ))`' R?

, AA?g?h`'R]_aQQQ' !"#$%&&%'()*+, /01%'%&'23%'4%'567#8%&8$7&'43'97:87;"8'%&',:$%&:%1'<:7&7=$>3%1

%. 'x`'l5?15'8mf<747635';34@4<3c=5`'bzgrh,

, H\\7/' xDP' g?@@]h`' W' 9

$. #38$7&1'-s$7&&$0;%1'x`'*7<1654, 85'=5<D5=<D5PQQaIRì'J"#7, vol.87

, %'4zH:7&7=$%'4z+;5

. H\\7/'-xdp'-g?@aah`'-w'-g,

, H\\7/'xDP'%8'b$55$%3'(P'g?@ARh`'W'M&';[%T"=%&'4%'5"'&7&a5$&

, 7S%"&' D7==$11$7&' g?@ARh`' W'F::%11' 87' S"U=%&8' "::73&81'X`' *

, 2">3%' *P' g?@@Zh`' +@' 9305=:F' @1' A=3265' 852' <@A@<3:F2K'-6@=:\@' #54' @1I859e' 81' 930F=@93265

\. ,

, \&%' g?@A@h`' &:185' 8E36A@<:' 81' (3<=7I<=F83:' A5=274459P

$. 1s7&$#5%'1731'c'/88sc||s, , vol.7

, \&%'g?@ARh`'L@AA7=:'@44159'L#&'PQRP

!. Dp'%8'b, 55"8'9P'g?@AAh`'W'M&

, C'2%;1'3&'=7405%'4z%&8;%S;%&%3;' :755%:8$Y'c'X`'L5?15'O=@4t@325'85'#7<37Iy<747635`'g_h

!. $\3%8'xip'%8'($&71'!p'g?@aqh,

%. '%&'!;"&:%'c'3&%'5%, , p.83

%. '%&'y$5$\,

!. $\3%8'-xip'-%8'-($&71'-!p'-g?@abh`'-w'j%'-=$, , vol.7

!. 7\%5'-gpnp and &. Vqh,

, 34%' HP' g?@AAh`' W'J6313

%. , 7&7=$>3%' 4%' 56<\5$1%

#. , /%'(P'g?@AQh`'W'L3$

, +52'=5?5412'5:'95'A@:=367345' 852'6F4@X52`')*,HH

, 34%=%8'x(P'%8'M55=7'~P'g?@@@h`'W'H4$87

, 5'X`'L5?15'8m&<747635'O34@4<3C=5`'BZ'gRh

, O34@4<3@9'#:18352K'?_gBh`'AQ@Q-RR'

!. %&&%'()*+, /01%'%&'23%'4%'567#8%&8$7&'43'97:87;"8'%&',:$%&:%1'<:7&7=$>3%1, p.382

O. 11%'-*p'-g?@arh,

, \%' =383%5' %&' ="8$0

%. , , p.7

. \&%'-%&'-h3;7s%'x`'-#$(#'-l@aa7=, X970@9P' 9$1S7&$#5%' 1731'C' /88SC||uuuP:;%47:PY;|S3#5$:"8$7&1`' g,Q@BZh' O5"1%;1Y%54' HP' 27&' g?@@Ah

. O5[="$&'(p'g?@a?h`'j%'i$, , vol.7

. O5[="$&'(p'%8'i%u%;'ip'g?@aah`'w'f$4%, , vol.17

, O5[="$&'(P'%8'I735

$. %;'(p'g?@aah`'w'j%'w'=$, , vol.7

. O573o72$%e7yy'op'g?@@vh`'w'!;7='!$&,

$. &4%#8%4&%11c'./%',

. 57&$'-jp`'-k;"\,

, O573o72$%e7YY' OP' g?@@Zh`' *5' 9E5G<912374' e' 9E34<912374' 0@4<@3=5' 852' A@=:3<1935=2' 54' O=@4<5K' &4:=5' 4F<5223:F' 27<3@95' 5

%. ,

. O573o72$%e7yy'-op'-%8'-g%#$,

%. '-*p'-g?@ar", h`' (3<=7<=F83:2' <74:=5' A@1?=5:FK' 852' A=B:2' 54:=5' 27938@=3:F' 5:' 6@=<DFK'J%1

. O573o72$%e7yy'-op'-%8'-g%#$,

%. '-*p'-g?@ar#h`'-w'h2,

$. ,

$. &'-)p`'-!73$55%8'-dp`'-e$55%&o, =S' )P`' I";8$&%e' +P`' I7;2"&8aG73T' ,P' %8' G7%1:/' IP' g?

$. &')p'g?@a?h`'w'j,

$. ,

, &4'J7;%&e7&$'OP'g?@AAh

, %4$8'D

$. 1%1`'(;%, 38$7&

$. &\1, &4'8/%'J$>3$4$8U

$. 4\%,

, 8U'IPqP'g?@@_h`'~73'D

, %4$8'F117:$"8$7&1' $&'q%&U"`'&<74763<'*5?597A654:'j',19:1=@9',D@4X5`'BB'g?h`'?BAa?Z?'

5. and /. "u'-hp'-ga]bbh`'-y!$&, &:$"5' F1S%:81' 7Y' H:7&7=$:' 9%2%57S=%&8y`'-65=3<@4' &<74763<' L5?35M`'QB'gQh

5. and /. "u'-hp'-ga]v_h,

, &4' H:7&7=$:' 9%2%57S=%&8v`' &<74763<' *5?597A654:'@48',19:1=@9',D@4X5`'AB'gRh

. O38$%;;%e'-*$%87'-kp'-g?@@zh`'-w'd718%'-4%5'-=$, , vol.7

*. ,

, &' (P' g?@@Zh`' tD;711aD73&8

&. , &:$"5' ,%;2$:%1v`' c71=4@9' 7;' !@4W34X'@48'O34@4<5`'R?'gAAh`'?Q]Ra?B@@' E734;['DP`'I$110\3%'*P'%8'(7&:%"3'xP'g?@AQh, $7&' $&' E731%/754' F::%11' 87

. E3&\'!,p'g?@@]h'w'hts5"$&$&\'8/%'&7&5$&%,

*. and H. H. 'g?@aah,

%. 4?ra@b,

*. and H. H. 'g?@arh`'y!$, /%1'G%2%&31a*$2%"3T'4%'2$%y`'O=@4<5K'A7=:=@3:'27<3@9'PQRPP

%. 4?r_q,

*. and H. H. 'g?@aqh`'!39@4, O7=6@:374I&6A973P'9$1S7&$#5%'1731'C' uuuP$&1%%PY;|Y

|. 5p,

%. ,

. %y?$4?y7;=a%=s57$-)* and . Hh'g?@aqh,

%. 4?q@v_,

%. '4%, 56H:7&7=$%`'4%'56)&4318;

$. ,

, %' 43' (3#5$:' g?@@Vh`' W'Jz

. \%&8'-%8'-5%1'-s;7#5-;-$>3%1'-y$&, &:$0;%1' "3S;01'4%1'^%3&%1'ABa?@

$. @a@'-x35 and $. %&'fp'g?@arh`'w'j,

, %4$8'7&'b$55"\%'H:7&7=$%1Pv`'-65=3<@4'&<74763<' c71=4@9`'FSS5$%4'H:7&7=$:1'Qg?h`']Z-ARR'

%. , #:@4;7=8'#7<3@9'$447?@:374'L5?35M`'n$&8%;'?@A@' q";5"&' 9P`' q3817"8$' HP`' I:aD7&&%55' IP`' I:I$55

$. 187s/%;'-m4,

U. '-dp'-g?@a?h-;-$&\1'-f::73&8'-j"#%5$&\'$&'o,

$. 4\%, d5A:' )1:' 7=' )A:58' )1:J

, %1%

, O34@4<3@9'#5=?3<52'-1:D7=3:\`'M&$8%4'q$&\47=' q%U&%1'xP'gA

%. '-g$1o'-f2%,

, K"&>3%'(718"5%'g?@ARh`'L@AA7=:'@44159'PQRP

J. I%, &4' GP' g?@AAh`' W'D7;S7, vol.15

&. '-jp`'-j"e,

%. '-%8'-y"$;%',

*. ,

J. "55%=%&8'xp'g?@a?h`'w'j%1',

. \&%`'d,

=. , &81' 43' S"8

$. &%'-c'-y,

J. "=";:/%'-(p`'-i$110\3%'-*p`'-g7="&$'-ip'-g?@a?h`'w',

$. 2%,

$. O=@4<5k, A7=:=@3:'27<3@9`')*,HH'a

, J"=

. >3%'hp'%8, 5P'g?

, J

. 4%55$%;'gp`'j%\"5'gp`'g, U&"34'9P'%8'b$4"5'OP'g?@@Ah`''W'M&'738$5'S73;'5z

$. Ep'-g?@a?h`'-+5'-a=b, J

, <9354:2`'E":/%88%' JDJ'g?@ARh`'L@AA7=:'@44159'PQRP' J%4%;%;'HP'g?@ARh, 31'xP'g?@A?h`'+mFA=51?5'85'9m@=X54:T'0@4>152'0@4>135=2

, 5$1[%'I"117538$7&`'+52'&<D72`'%&'4"8%'43'AV|@Q|?@AR' J%4%;%;'HP'g?@ARh

$. &\'-"&4'-i"&"\$&\'-!$&,

\. ,

\. %&1, 17:$"3T

, J%U1/7&'FP'%8

$. Y8'*p'ga,

$. &\'7y'8/%'mq and &. ,

J. &&'i*p'g?@a?h`'w'j%1', , p.77

%. , L@AA7=:'8m34;7=6@:374'4v'uQu'g?@AAa?@A?h'Y"$8

, J31

$. %&, %1`'"&4'72%;

$. &4%#8%4&%11,

$. and P. , %8'D3;87'bP'g?@A@h`'W'!$&"&:$"5'J$8%, J31, vol.8

, $17&&%32%' xEP`' I7

$. &'-x~p'-g?@aah`'-(@4@x5654, 85' 9m@X54<5' 0@4<@3=5' T' +52' 63223742' 81' 83=5<:51=' 8m@X54<5`'GK'[4$8$7&

, *)+$) S

$. , &78$7&' 4%' =7&&"$%X' $&' b1?=52`' 87=%' ?' W' L5A=F254:@:3742' <7995<:3?52'5:'83?5=23:F'852'<3?3932@:3742'X

, I:q$557S'9P'"&4'n$517&'xP+P,'g?@@_h`'W'!$&"&:$"5'HT:531$7&

I. ,

%. , , vol.7

I. ,

, %'43'K34\%8`'4%1':7=S8%1'S3#5$:1`'4%'5

, %'4%'47:3=%&8"8$7&'H:7&7=$%a!$&"&:%1P' I71:72$:$'

, %1' XP' 9$1S7&$#5%' 1731' C' /88SC||uuuP%:7&7=$%P\732PY

, IP'g?@AQh`'P`C65'=@AA7=:'@44159'85'9m)025=?@:73=5'852'<=F83:2'@1G'6F4@X52, vol.8

, I735[2

$. %;'(p'g and ?. @a?h,

%. , &:%'X`'L5?15'O=@4t@325'85'

. Ag]h`'?raqa,

. I3&4%55'-gfp'-ga]v@h,

, I:O;"uaE$55'K77o'D7=S"&U

*. Gp'g?@aah`'w'9%5$2%,

$. &\',

;. %13581'x`'v=8'-441@9',74, $. 5=54<5'c&l&($&'@48'c&##, and -. '-*7u"o'ip'g?@@zh`'w'i$, , vol.7

, %' F8/5$&\' 13;' 5"' =$1%' %&' k32

%. '-4%'-5"'-j7$'-j"\,

!. and &. %16f=7's'a'b%,

%. '4%, , p.56

, %'4%'5"'I$:;7Y$&"&:%'g?@A?h`''L@AA7=:'85'9E5G5=<3<5'PQRR

, +D9H'g?@ARh`',@8=5'8EF?@91@:374'5:'8E@4@9\25'81'<\<95'.$#-'PQRP

. +hd9'-g?@aqh`'-.$#-'-pqrp'-l5219,

+. Fp'g?@@zh,

%. ,

, 5=4@:374@9',74;5=54<5'74'#\2:56'#<354<52 gE)D,z@Bh`'Rg@Rh +;5, &"5U1$1' 7Y' 8/%' =7#$5%' =";o%8v`' .=7<55834X2' 7;' :D5' Vl:D'-441@9'Y@M@33'$, vol.4

*. , /01%'%&'23%'4%'567#8%&8$7&'43'97:87;"8'%&',:$%&:%1'<:7&7=$>3%1, p.386

. 7='hp'g?@@bh,

. 7='hp'%8'<57$'jp'g?@a?h`'w',

, S75U:%&8;$>3%'4%1' 1U180=%1'[:7&7=$>3%1':7=S5%T%1`'L5?15'85'9m)O,&`'AgA?@h`'ARa_?' +18

, 7=' *593?5=34X' .1093<' #5=?3<52T' /7M@=8' $6A=7?58'

. H4p'-k%&^"=$&'-ip'-!,

$. %4="&'-"&4'-!;"&o'-ep'-e"/&`'-h51%2$%;' and :. %&,

%. , ?A@Ag)*)hhy`''c)','VQ`&'81'RnURPUPQQ``'?__-?ZR

%. , 7&:%;

, |MH'43'?R'^3$55%8'?@AQ'13

%. ,

7. %t%, $:%' "$&1$' >3%' 5, p.13

, &:%' S;

7. %t%, $:%'"$&1$'>3%'5, p.13

, &:%'S;

, |MH' 43' ?R' ^3$55%8' ?@AQ`' 13

&. Op'-g?@arh`'-w'j%'-i$, , vol.7

$. >3%'x, +@'#7<3F:F';=@4t@325'5:'252'A@1?=52`'(";$1`'(M!' ("3\"=',P'g?@@Bh`'+52';7=652'F9F654:@3=52'85'9@'A@1?, =5:F`'(M!'J%'5$%&'17:$"5' ("3\"=',P'g?@@_h`'L5A5425='9@'27938@=3:F`'(M!' ("3\%8'OP'%8'D7&18"&1'HP'g?@A@h`'L@AA7=:'

, %4$"' FP' g?@@]h`' W' J%1' 57\$>3%1' 17:$"5%1' 4%' 5z%&4%88%=%&8' C' \%18$7&' 4%1' :7=S8%1' 47=%18$>3%1'%&'=

. %1'x, #7<3F:F2'<74:56A7=@3452`'g_Vh

(. &ae%,

. %4$"'-fp'-g?@ar"h`'-w'-j,

%. '-4%'-5z, 7&7=$%' 47=%18$>3%' X' F::7=S"\&%=%&8' #34\

%. '%8,

. %4$"'fp'g?@ar#h`'w'j%'w-;-$t'x'%&'[:7&7=$%'x'j%',

. %4$"'-fp'-g?@aqh`'-w'-j,

$. %1, 3T'S;"8$>3%1'X`'$4;7=6@:3742'27<3@952`'?gAZ?h`'R@aRZ' (/$5$SS%' xP' %8' !"$2;%' (P' g?@@]h`' W' J%' :77S[

. @=5`'*%u'k;3&1u$:o'?'j7&4;%1'c', &1":8$7&'(3#5$1/%;1`'Q%' [4$8$7&`'?@@?' (5%11$1'FP'gA

$. 7&'-#"&,

%. '-ga]b@aa]]ryh`'-!, 34' 85' 9@' !@4>15' 85' O=@4<5`'g?Ah'' (;"/"5"4' DqP' g?@@Qh`' S' 63993@=82' 85' 471?, 5@1G' <742766@:51=2' T' ?@34<=5' 9@' A@1?=5:F' X="<5' @1' A=7, vol.3, 1995.

$. , C' /D5' O7=:145' @:' :D5' !, vol.7

$. #;"='qp'ga]zrh and `. , H:7&7=$:"`'AZaA]' (;7\;"==%' 4%1' *"8$7&1' M&$%1' S73;' 5%' 9, '85'9@'A542F5'F<74763>15, vol.7485654

@. ,

, G"u51'xP'g?@@]h`'W'M&$8

, %=$%;1'X`'L@32742'A793:3>152`'AgRRh

, Bh`Bh`+30F=@93265'A793:3>15`'8

G. Mp'g?@@qh`'w'i$,

, J%' &7&a;%:73;1' "3T' 17$&1' 4%' 1"&8, G%2$5' EP' g?@AQh`' W'

, G%2$5'EP'g?@AQh`'W'J%'W'&7&a

$. , , vol.46

&. G711%5ad and . =#$%;'-qp'-g?@@]h`'-wj"'-=$, A5=2A5<:3?52'85'9@'?35'F<74763>15`'gRh`'.7=%'NJb)))`'ZBa]_' G73

%. , 35>3$&' x~P' %8' D3%&734' .P' g?@A?h, L5?35M'7;'&<74763<2'@48'#:@:32:3<2`' RV'gQh

$. 4\%`'-ifc'-e-;-*+,

, 17:$"5%1' X`' .=F254:@:374' A=7A72F5' e' +@' !@4>15' .72:@95`' ?A|@R|?@ARP' ,%&'FP'gA

. Ah`'k5,

\. %&1, , vol.17

&. Fh!`'?_ar@ and %. ;2%8'xip'g?@@@h`'w'j6%t-;-$7&`'3&'s"-;-y$&, &:%'X`'L5?15'8m&<747635'O34@4<3C=5`'nlgRh`'A_a ?Z' ,%;2%8' xIP' g?@@Rh`' W' )&8;743:8$7&' \[&[;"5%' X' $&' O3[;$&' )P`' ,%;2%8' xIP, HT:531$7&' %8' 5$%&1' Y$&"&:$%;1P' L@AA7=:'81

%. , /' $&87

\. &#3,

\. /'d755%\%'7y'f;8'|'e%,

, S$, vol.8

%. , , vol.7

%. , , pp.7-8

, $\5$8e'xP'%8'n%$11'FP'gA]ZAh

$. &\'$&'i",

, 8$7&P'X`'-65=3<@4' &<74763<'L5?35M`'g_Ah

$. \5$8e'xp'%8'o;%%&u, 54'KP'g?@@Bh`'&<747635'674F:@3=5K'14'471?, 5@1'A@=@83X65`'H:7&7=$

$. &#%,

. \%&'xp'ga]bvh,

, 27<3F:F'85'6@=<DF, =@4<32<@345K'85'9@'A@1?=5:F'?7974:@3=5'e'9@

M. '-g?@arh`'-w'j%1'-=74,

%. |d)f,'x`'l@aa7=,

M. %&&%'-g and ?. @a?h,

?. ,

M. %&&%'g?@arh, &6A97\654:'@48'#7<3@9'*5?597A654:2'34'&1=7A5'PQRP`''HMK77o1/7S' b%;18;"%8%' .P`' q;%=%;' !P' %8' x73$17&aJ"YY$88%' HP' g?@A?

$. , 8$>3%1'X`'&4:=5A=548=5'j'$447?5=`'?gARh`'_a?V' n"5

$. , 43':;[4$8y`'L5?15'8E&<747635'.793:3>15`'87=%'A?

$. &'(p'g?@a@h`'w'j%'&7&';%-;-*+, @AB' n7;54' K"&o' g?@A?, /01%'%&'23%'4%'567#8%&8$7&'43'97:87;"8'%&',:$%&:%1'<:7&7=$>3%1

, %1$&1o$' xP' gA]Z_h' 4$;P`' N=@485' A@1?=5:F' 5:' A=F<@=3:F' F<74763>15' 5

$. ,

$. , 8' xP' g?@ARh`' yD

. %4$8'-m&$7&1'c'-f',

%. 7&1ps4y,

$. &=, &' xP' g?@AQh`' W'E731%/754' 4%#8'C' Y":81`' S3ee5%1`' 8/%7

$. %1`'-"&4'-s75$:$%1'x,

$. 4\%'-'-'-',

, $2%1a%:7&7=$>3%1PY;|#57\1|\573o72$%e7YY|?@AR|AA|?_|:7=S8%a&$:o%5a3&a\;

&. ,

?. ,

P. 88sc||%,

. %\$7&,

. %=$%?y;p:y=?r`':7&1358,

$. and %. 2|j%tm,

$. and %. ,

$. , , pp.7-1358

$. and %. 2|j%tm,

$. and %. ,

$. , , pp.7-1358

\. @aa?!g?,

%. ,

%. 4?arq@r, , pp.7-1358

. 81p=$t=, AQ|AA|?@AQ`''I$T'I";o%8'g?@AQh`' ' /88SC||18"8%7Y8/%:"=S"$\&P7;\|?@AQ|@R|?A|?@AQa

1. 8=5?,

$. 1%1p/8=5'c'-?ar'i41'y$&'1%s8%=#;%'?@a?p'-uuup#,

. |y$5%, 4=$&|31%

?. , &:%|4;7$8a"3a:7=S8%a 18"8$18$>3%1a?@ARPS4Y' uuuP#"&>3%aY

. %|y$:/$%,

\. `'g-;-$>3%1'%&'=$-;-*+,

$. @k, , vol.3

$. Y1a,

$. ,

!. , 7Y%11$7&&%51'4%'5

$. Y1, 3':/0>3%P'' uuuPY#YPY;|Y

|. Dx, |!%3$55%8%ea5%a=$&$a\3$4%a?AP1uY' ' uuuPY$&"&:$"5a%43

. 7s%?h3;7s%"&?!$&,

|. 5p,

%. ,

, #5%"3P"1Sc

%. ,

%. , +. , and @. `. ,

, #5%"3P"1Sc

%. ,

%. @qv@v,

, #5%"3P"1Sc

%. ,

%. , +. , and @. `. , ':7&1358['5%'R|A@|?@AQ' uuuP$&1%%PY;|Y

, #5%"3P"1Sc

%. ,

H. @qv@, , pp.7-1358

|. /3\3%1a5%a#;%8|p''k57\'5%1a, 1%1`')&8%;2$%u'4%'EP'J%'K;%8`'AA|@?|?@AQ'a'' ' uuuP=275"

|. &731|&78,

%. ,

, #5%"3'AaA'C'HM'D$8$e%&1'u$8/738

, %5"8$Y1'4%'5

. \%'4z$&8-;-*k'?@a?'pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'_?', #5%"3'?aQ'C'(*K'4[8"$55

$. , %&'2$\3%3;'"3'@A|@_|?@AR' PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'_Q'

$. , 8$7&'1731'/US78/01%':5$%&8'F'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'_B

$. , 8$7&'1731'/US78/01%':5

%. , #5%"3'?aA@'C'*7=#

, 7S75$8"$&1`'?@@Z' PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'A@

. 7y%11$7&&%55%'r'"&1,

$. 7&'$&$8$"5%'ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'aar',

\. %=%&8, $18$>3%1'4%'4[8%&8$7&'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'AR

, @@?a?@AR'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'AV?' ."#5%"3'Qa?'C'D7i8'S3#5$:'4%1'S

$. , 3T'4$1S71$8$Y1'4%'1738$%&

7. , &:%'F:8$2%`'$&4$:"8%3;1'?@A?'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'AVV'

%. ,

$. 3t, , p.7

Y. $&"&:%=%&8'?@@_a and ?. @aa'pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'a_q', #5%"3'Qa_'C'+1[7`')&4$:"8%3;1'?@A?'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'A_V'

7. ,

$. 3t,

. 7y%11$7&&%5'%&'!;"&:%'-pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'az@',

$. #38%3;'-pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'a]z', #5%"3'BaR'C'I"

$. 1>3%'-ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'?@a'-;-'s%;17&&%51'g%&'&7=#;%`'?@@]|?@a?hpppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp-?@?-;-4%1'=$-;-|?@a?h'pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'?@?', #5%"3'BaV'C'I$:;7:;[4$81'S%;17&&%51`')=S"U[1'13;'S"&%5'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'?@R', vol.7

*. , :738%3T'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'??A' !"#$%&&%'(

, ="&h'%&8;

/. %8'c'1732%&8'x'-ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'??q',

%. ,

$. &:$s"5%1'$&$8-;-$2%1'%&'!;"&:%'ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'?r_',

%. %&, 1%57&'+18;7='g?@@Bh' PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'?BV'

$. Bz', #5%"3'_aR'C',73;:%1'4%'!;$:8$7&1'gK$\&7&'%8'D7=S"$&`'?

%. '4%1, &\%1'gK$\&7&'%8'D7=S"$&`'?@@Ah'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'?_@'

%. '43'#$%&'w'f, 01'f'5"'=7&&"$%'X'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'?_Q'

. %&81'-pppppppppppppppppp'?_z', #5%"3'_a_'C'H27538$7&'43'(*K'13

$. #38$7&1-;-*k'=7u%&1'4%'s"$%=%&8's";'8us757\$%'4%-;-$%&805%`'?@@]a?@a?'pppppppppppppppppppp'?z?',

7. , #5%"3'_aA@'C'EUS78/01%1'46

%. '%&'!;"&:%`'?@a@a and ?. @a?'pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'?zz',

, #5%"3'ZaA'C'.FHO'?@AQ'4%1'S, %'43'#31$&%11'=74%5'D7=S8%'*$:o%5'?@AQa?@AZ'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

8. Di'9$^7&`'?@aaa and ?. @a?'-ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'rab',

\. 5%, AB'7#1%;2"8$7&1'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'RAZ'

\. 5%, AQ'7#1%;2"8$7&1'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'RA

. \&%'4%1'yy;"\$5%1y`'-pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'rrb', #5%"3'ZaA?'C'F&"5U1%'4%'5zHS

. \&%'4%1'yy, \$5%1y`' PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'RRB'

$. %'4z[s";\&%`'?@aaa and ?. Rrv, #5%"3'ZaAQ'C'H&:73;1'=7U%&1'S";'S;743$8'4z[S";\&%`'?@AAa?@A?' PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'RR_'

?. \&%'s";'1731a1%\=%&81`'?@aaa and . @a?'pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'rrz', #5%"3'ZaA_'C'H&:73;1'=7U%&1'9Fb'%8, HS

. \&%'s";'1731a1%\=%&81'?@a?'pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'rrz', #5%"3'ZaAZ'C'I$:;7a

$. ,

%. '4%,

. \&%'s";'(*k':$#5%'pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'rbr', #5%"3'Za?A'C'HYY%81'

$. =35-;-$7&':/$yy;[%'pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'rbv', #5%"3'Za?R'C'I$

$. 3t,

!. %&&%'()*+, /01%'%&'23%'4%'567#8%&8$7&'43'97:87;"8'%&',:$%&:%1'<:7&7=$>3%1

!. , , vol.1

!. ,

%. , 7=S71$8$7&'4%'5z%=S57$'43'(*K'?@A?'%&'?' PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

!. ,

%. 'raa'c'd,

, _a?@A?'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'AQ

!. ,

%. 'ra?'c'*7=#,

%. '4%'s;l81 and &. %&, )I!`'?@@Ra?@A?, 'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'AQZ' !$\3

%. H&,

$. 1%1'?@aaa and ?. @a?'ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'avb'-!$\3,

%. Qa,

%. 'baa'c'hyy%8'4%'5,

%. Ba,

!. ,

%. 'bar'c'hyy%8,

!. ,

%. 'baq'c'h834%'d9d'?@ar'a')=s, , vol.7

%. 'vaa'c'h502%1'f, , p.3583

%. ,

%. \3,

%. Va,

%. \3,

%. '_aa'c',

&. and ). Vv'-!$\3,

%. '_a?'c'i",

!. ,

%. '_ar'c'h27538$7&, @AR'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'?Z@' !$\3

%. Zaa,

$. ,

!. ,

%. 'za?'c'g,

\. Rr,

!. ,

%. 'zar'c'g,

!. ,

%. 'zaq'c'g,

!. ,

%. 'zab'c'g,

!. ,

%. 'zav'c'i,

$. , /'%8'*"355%"3`'?@A?h' PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP'RQ_' !$\3

%. 'za_'c'h27538$7&'4%1'8"3t'$&8%;#"&-;-$;%1'%8's5":%=%&81`'?@a?a?@aq'-ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'rb_'-'-'-'-'-'-!, &. Ho!-arbitrage, and !. Om!, Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution (ACPR)

!. Bâle, !. Eso!-bancarisation, !. Eoh!-banque-mondiale, !. <hlc!?r?c!eqq!-banque-populaire, !. H<c!?h?c!esm!-bénévole et al.,

!. Dettes, !. <oc!?h?c!eqm!-difficultés-d'accès, and !. Or!-difficultés-d'usage,

!. Don, !. Au-compte, and . Eml,

%. !-Éducation-financière, !. Ele!-emancipation, !. Eml!-estime-de-soi!p!?<qc!?<r!-exclusion-sociale, and !. ,

(. Fichage, F. Fcc, . Finances, !. Pédagogie, !. Eo?!-financiarisation et al.,

!. Jugement,

!. %&&%'()*+, /01%'%&'23%'4%'567#8%&8$7&'43'97:87;"8'%&',:$%&:%1'<:7&7=$>3%1, p.396

*. ,

L. Banque-postale, !. Eoo!-laser-cofinoga, !. Liens, !. Livret, and A. ,

!. Marketing, !. Emh!-microcrédits-personnels, !. Ele!-microcrédits-professionnels, !. Ese!-modèle-Économique, !. Ese!-modernisation et al.,

!. Paradigme and . Eoo!,

P. Eoe!-pouvoirs-publics, !. Esh!-précarité, !. Prêt-sur-gage, !. Bancaire, ;. El?c!ele-promotion et al.,

!. Rationalité, !. L<!-refinancement, !. Q<!-réglementation, !. Eml!-rentabilisation, !. Lq!-retail et al.,

P. Stigmatisation, !. Subprime, !. Surendettement, and . Eoo!,

!. Tarification, !. Elq!-taux-d'usure, !. Erh!-tontines, !. Ess!-travailleurs-sociaux, and . Erl!-'-'-'-'-!"#$%&&%-;-*+,

!. "#$%!-'-$-', #5%"3':7=S"

!. !-9-;-,-!?+ and -. +3*-!>-!?+$-!-su'!d!-su'!b!-90%*,

!. ,

7. %&,

$. ;%'-?'-q? and &. ,

$. 1=%'8%&%3;'4%':7=s8%'-?'-]?'j%1's"$%=%&81's";'-s;[502%=%&8`'8$8;%'$&8%;#"&-;-$;%'-4%'s, $%=%&8'73'2$;%=%&8' #"&:"$;%' ?' A@?'9%1'=7U%&1'4%':7&1358"8$7&' f'4$18"&:%'43'1754%'43':7=S8%' ?' AA?'M&%':";

!. %&%#'(')*+' and -. .!#-'*$#'/'-\"==%'4%'=7u%&1'4%'s"$%=%&8!-!, , p.1

!. %&''"$()'*+", -. $. , $. , and ). '/+"$-!"!#$%&,

. 7&8's73;'-$&8[\;%;'c'-ap'm&'&7=#,

%. , *#+), p.2

$. ,

. 2%&8$7&p''-m'-!"#$%&,

$. @aap'-jz7yy;%'1s-;-$y$>3%':7=s;%&4-;-?'m&%!!"#$%&'%&-;-%*%+$&-;-*+ and -. , 3' =7$&1'5%1'1%;2$:%1'#"&:"$;%1' 13$2"&81'C' A?'J"'8%&3%`'5"'Y%;=%83;%'%8`'5%':"1' [:/["&8`'5z732%;83;%'43':7=S8%'4%' 4[Sj8' ?' ?

$. %&, ?' A@?'M&':/"&\%=%&8'

$. S732, &8'4[S"11%

!. ++, , vol.7, p.43

$. , %1

P. , !. P. 0%*$!-$%*!4+4-!-p, . 0%*$!-4+4-!d!-p, . 0%*$!-/=3-.)8=-!-p, and . 0%*$!, /0^)!>%! *3$M%-! ze! "+)30!>-! $0=:+(3=3)#!