Glyphosate–Exonuclease Interactions: Reduced Enzymatic Activity as a Route to Glyphosate Biosensing
Abstract
N-phosphonomethyle-glycine (glyphosate) is the most widely used pesticide worldwide due to its effectiveness in killing weeds at a moderate cost, bringing significant economic benefits. However, owing to its massive use, glyphosate and its residues contaminate surface waters. On site, fast monitoring of contamination is therefore urgently needed to alert local authorities and raise population awareness. We report here the hindrance of the activity of two enzymes, the exonuclease I (Exo I) and the T5 exonuclease (T5 Exo) by glyphosate. These two enzymes digest oligonucleotides into shorter sequences, down to single nucleotides. The presence of glyphosate in the reaction medium hampers the activity of both enzymes, slowing down enzymatic digestion. We show by fluorescence spectroscopy that the inhibition of ExoI enzymatic activity is specific to glyphosate, paving the way for the development of a biosensor to detect this pollutant in drinking water at suitable detection limits, i. e. 0.6 nM.
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