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Notes 1 WTO reports that during the second half of 2008 the goods affected by the AD procedure were in the base metals sector (43 initiations), the chemicals sector (22 initiations), textiles sector (19 initiations) and plastic and rubber sector, The Ambiguous Consequences of Anti-dumping Laws, vol.30, pp.437-448, 1992. ,
, Antidumping initiation implies that at least 50% of the domestic industry is not oppose the petition
More generally, tariffs determined by lobbying is quite ordinary in trade policy litterature (see for example Mayer, Mitra and Panagariya, 1984. ,
, For example, US Department of Commerce set high compliance costs described by Murray, 1991.
200-page questionnaires, tight and inflexible deadlines, specific style to report data. Moreover if the foreign firms is partially cooperative then all the informations provided will not be used, 1991. ,
, , 2008.
, During the period 1980-1990, the American Department of Trade's use of "facts available" leads to dumping margins that are 38% higher than the average 29% margin. (Baldwin and Moore, 1991) 7 Hansen and Prusa (1996) and Gupta and Panagariya (2006) propose another explanation: the presence of many exporters increases the free-rider problem